Retinitis refers to the inflammation of the retina. One 2021 study suggests that macular degeneration is the most common retinal disorder in the U.S. With this condition, the macula deteriorates and causes distorted central vision, which may worsen over time and cause permanent vision loss. Macular degenerationīecause macular degeneration is more common among older adults, eye doctors usually call it age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eye injuries may also result in macular holes. Similar to retinal tears, macular holes are small breaks in the macula that occur due to an unusual pulling between the vitreous and the retina.Īging is the most common cause of macular holes. A person may notice distortion of their central vision. It is usually scar tissue from a medical condition or injury.ĮRMs often do not cause symptoms, except when they affect the macula or the center of the retina, which is important in perceiving visual details and features. Epiretinal membranesĮpiretinal membranes (ERMs), also called macular puckers or cellophane maculopathy, make up a thin layer that forms on the retina’s inner surface. Conditions that can cause retinopathy include diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.ĭiabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, with evidence suggesting that it is a leading cause of blindness among adults in the United States. This accumulation of fluid can affect the retina and result in changes to vision. Retinopathy results from damage to the blood vessels at the back of the eye, which causes fluid to leak. Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that, without treatment, may lead to permanent vision loss. Retinal detachment occurs when a buildup of fluid, which usually enters through a retinal tear, causes the retina to detach from the choroid, which is the eye layer that provides it with oxygen and nutrients. This is a more serious condition that affects vision. It is important for people to receive treatment for a retinal tear, as it may result in retinal detachment. Retinal tears can cause blurry vision, the sudden onset of floaters, or flashes of light. This can happen when the vitreous detaches as part of the aging process, or it can result from trauma. This typically occurs when the vitreous, which is a jelly-like substance in the eye, attaches to the retina and pulls hard enough to tear it. Retinal tearĪ retinal tear happens when there is a tear or hole in the retina. Some common retinal problems may include the following. The retinal specialist is most often called upon when vision can no longer be improved after appropriate glasses have been prescribed and/or cataract surgery to determine the cause of the persistent decreased vision, or if there is any abnormality noted in the back of the eye on routine eye examination.Share on Pinterest Arctic-Images/Getty Images Retina specialists may also be consulted in the case of a patient dealing with a hereditary disease of the eye. Retina specialist also treat patients who have experienced severe eye trauma, with the goal of addressing the trauma and repairing or preventing damage to the eye. Some conditions commonly treated by a retina specialist include: age-related macular degeneration, flashes and floaters, diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, retinoblastoma, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and cancers of the eye. The services of a retina specialist may be recommended to a patient with an eye condition which cannot be cared for by a general ophthalmologist. Retina specialists treat a wide range of eye conditions, dealing with both adults and children. The retina is a delicate nerve tissue that lines the back inside wall of the eye and is the part of the eye responsible for creating an image that is processed by the brain. The vitreous is the jelly like substance that fills the back of the eye. This subspecialty of ophthalmology is sometimes known as vitreoretinal medicine. Retina specialists are specialized in the treatment of diseases of the retina.
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